Beauity Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beauity Drama - Essay Example Opposite, Bethany is wise and splendid in that she is extraordinary in school however she isn't as excellent as Carla (Martin 15). The magnificence dramatization depicts discontent and envy of the two characters (Bethany and Carla). As apparent in the story, the two characters have various characters and fortunes. For example, the creator declares that Carla is excellent yet a disappointment and with contrary character. Opposite, Bethany isn't wonderful however an effective recorded as a hard copy engaging short stories. She abhors her appearance and wants she resembled Carla (Martin 1.10). The creator was innovative and inventive in that he uses â€Å"the genie† to show the desires and wants of Bethany to be excellent and her discontent with her life. â€Å"It is unexpected that Bethany sees magnificence as a significant centrality than all else in life since she figures it will bring her beneficial things than what she possess†. Then again, Carla says she comprehends the negative marks and issues of excellence. Because of this, she endeavors to advise Bethany not to want to get excellent (Martin 32). It is obvious from the story that individuals are forever discontent with what they have throughout everyday life. Further, people consistently see the contrary side of their life and the constructive side of others. What's more, it exhibits that people esteem appearance more than insight and great character characteristics. For example, Bethany has a fruitful vocation as a bookkeeper, she is insight and with incredible character however she isn't happy with her appearance and rather wants to be wonderful like her companion (Carla). Moreover, she doesn't perceive the positive side of her life and the beneficial things she has gained. These nonsensical perspective on her life makes her desire to resemble Carla. As indicated by Bethany, magnificence will give her what she wants throughout everyday life. Be that as it may, Carla cautions Bethany about her wants

AB Electrolux free essay sample

Talks about the Swedish assembling organization AB Electrolux. Subjects include: History, item profiles, accounts and viewpoint. As show A demonstrates, Stockholmbased Electrolux produces a wide assortment of merchandise (Hoovers, 1996, 204). Inside the class of Outdoor Products are the subcategories of woodland and nursery hardware, including horticultural actualizes. These items would be cutting apparatuses (30% world offer), grass trimmers, garden tractors, yard trimmers, and leaf blowers. Activities are gone through the Husqvarna and Flymo auxiliaries in Europe, and through American Yard Products and Poulan/Weed Eater in the U.S. (Electrolux Home Page, 1997). The modern items class covers into the business machines classification. The previous contains food administration hardware, kitchen and washroom cupboards, modern clothing..

Is Tough Love Effective in Treating Addiction

Is Tough Love Effective in Treating Addiction Addiction Coping and Recovery Print Is Tough Love Effective in Treating Addiction? By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on October 21, 2019 altrendo images/Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Tough love is a common expression used to describe any behavior that is a firm, sometimes cold, approach to handling someones actions. It is somewhat controversial, particularly when used in the treatment of certain disorders, such as drug addiction or other addictive behaviors.   What Is Tough Love? Tough love is an expression that was first introduced to the public by author Bill Milliken in his book, Tough Love, published in 1968. While the term tough love has become very popular in a variety of contexts ranging from parenting to relationships, it cannot be used effectively in all situations, including addiction.   There are several ways that tough love is used in everyday language. Most commonly, it is used to describe any type of parenting in which the child experiences some negative emotions as part of a learning process. This can range from a healthy set of firm boundaries, common in authoritative parenting styles, to abusive parenting styles in which humiliation, belittling or physical violence are used to control the child. For instance, a parent may use tough love against their adult child who has not gotten a job. The parents practicing tough love would withhold paying bills and would let the child deal with the consequences, such as late payments or bill collection, rather than swooping in and fixing the problem. In a harmful example of tough love, a parent would belittle or physically injure a child for failing to get a good grade or complete their chores. Having consequences can change behavior, but this is an extreme example that can have long-lasting negative repercussions.   While tough love may appear to be effective in the short-term, it can actually worsen the condition and lead to dangerous relapses later on. Tough love can refer to a positive approach to parenting in which the child learns valuable lessons, but does not suffer the ill effects of abuse, because it is not abusive, and preserves the dignity of the child. It could equally be applied to a harsh approach to parenting in which the childs self-esteem is undermined, and they are subject to physical, emotional or even sexual abuse. In that respect, tough love becomes virtually meaningless other than to denote some discomfort on the part of the child, and cannot be used to infer either the intention or the legitimacy of the parents style of discipline. What Not to Say to Someone With a Drug Addiction Tough Love vs. Setting Boundaries In particular, tough love has been derided as a dangerous technique in handling teens or adults struggling with addictions, such as those who engage in substance abuse. Some treatment centers use the term tough love to refer to a harsh approach that breaks down the will of the person. Tough love can have its place in addiction treatment, but it should not be engaged in without input from a physician or therapist. If you have a child or loved one struggling with addiction, seek out an addiction therapist for a consultation on how you can help your loved one. Your therapist can advise you on the best approaches and boundaries to help your child recover in a sustainable way.   Rather than focusing on simply using a tough love approach to dealing with a loved one who has an addiction, learning how to establish healthy boundaries can be more effective. How to Set Healthy Boundaries When Dealing With Addiction

F-4 Phantom II in the Vietnam War

In 1952, McDonnell Aircraft began internal studies to determine which service branch was most in need of a new aircraft. Led by Preliminary Design Manager Dave Lewis, the team found that the US Navy would soon require a new attack aircraft to replace the F3H Demon. The designer of the Demon, McDonnell began revising the aircraft in 1953, with the goal of improving performance and capabilities. Creating the Superdemon, which could achieve Mach 1.97 and was powered by twin General Electric J79 engines, McDonnell also created an aircraft that was modular in that different cockpits and nose cones could be affixed to the fuselage depending on desired mission. The US Navy was intrigued by this concept and requested a full-scale mock-up of the design. Assessing the design, it ultimately passed as it was satisfied with the supersonic fighters already in development such as the Grumman F-11 Tiger and Vought F-8 Crusader.  Ã‚   Design Development Altering the design to make the new aircraft an all-weather fighter-bomber featuring 11 external hardpoints, McDonnell received a letter of intent for two prototypes, designated YAH-1, on October 18, 1954. Meeting with the US Navy the following May, McDonnell was handed a new set of requirements calling for an all-weather fleet interceptor as the service had aircraft to fulfill the fighter and strike roles. Setting to work, McDonnell developed the XF4H-1 design. Powered by two J79-GE-8 engines, the new aircraft saw the addition of a second crewman to serve as a radar operator. In laying out the XF4H-1, McDonnell placed the engines low in the fuselage similar to its earlier F-101 Voodoo and employed variable geometry ramps in the intakes to regulate airflow at supersonic speeds. Following extensive wind tunnel testing, the outer sections of the wings were given  12 ° dihedral (upward angle) and the tailplane  23 ° anhedral (downward angle). Additionally, a dogtooth indentation was inserted in the wings to enhance control at higher angles of attack. The results of these alterations gave the XF4H-1 a distinctive look. Utilizing titanium in the airframe, the XF4H-1s all-weather capability was derived from the inclusion of the AN/APQ-50 radar. As the new aircraft was intended as an interceptor rather than a fighter, early models possessed nine external hardpoints for missiles and bombs, but no gun. Dubbed the Phantom II, the US Navy ordered two XF4H-1 test aircraft and five YF4H-1 pre-production fighters in July 1955. Taking Flight On May 27, 1958, the type made its maiden flight with Robert C. Little at the controls. Later that year, the XF4H-1 entered into competition with the single-seat Vought XF8U-3. An evolution of the F-8 Crusader, the Vought entry was defeated by the XF4H-1 as the US Navy preferred the latters performance and that the workload was split between two crew members. After additional testing, the F-4 entered production and commenced  carrier suitability trials in early 1960. Early in production, the aircrafts radar was upgraded to the more powerful  Westinghouse AN/APQ-72. Specifications (F-4E Phantom II) General Length: 63 ft.Wingspan: 38 ft. 4.5 in.Height: 16 ft. 6 in.Wing Area: 530 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 30,328 lbs.Loaded Weight: 41,500 lbs.Crew: 2 Performance Power Plant: 2 Ãâ€" General Electric J79-GE-17A axial compressor turbojetsCombat Radius: 367 nautical milesMax. Speed: 1,472 mph (Mach 2.23)Ceiling: 60,000 ft. Armament 1 x M61 Vulcan 20 mm Gatling cannonUp to 18,650 lbs. of weapons on nine external hardpoints, including air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground missiles, and most types of bombs Operational History Setting several aviation records just prior to and in the years after introduction, the F-4 became operational on December 30, 1960, with VF-121. As the US Navy transitioned to the aircraft in the early 1960s, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara pushed to create a single fighter for all branches of the military. Following an F-4Bs victory over the F-106 Delta Dart in Operation Highspeed, the US Air Force requested two of the aircraft, dubbing them the F-110A Spectre. Evaluating the aircraft, the USAF developed requirements for their own version with an emphasis on the fighter-bomber role. Vietnam Adopted by the USAF in 1963, their initial variant was dubbed the F-4C. With the US entry in the Vietnam War, the F-4 became one of the most identifiable aircraft of the conflict. US Navy F-4s flew their first combat sortie as part of Operation Pierce Arrow on August 5, 1964. The F-4s first air-to-air victory occurred the following April when Lieutenant (j.g.) Terence M. Murphy and his radar intercept officer, Ensign Ronald Fegan, downed a Chinese MiG-17. Flying primarily in the fighter/interceptor role, US Navy F-4s downed 40 enemy aircraft to a loss of five of their own. An additional 66 were lost to missiles and ground fire. Also flown by the US Marine Corps, the F-4 saw service from both carriers and land bases during the conflict. Flying ground support missions, USMC F-4s claimed three kills while losing 75 aircraft, mostly to ground fire. Though the latest adopter of the F-4, the USAF became its largest user. During Vietnam, USAF F-4s fulfilled both air superiority and ground support roles. As F-105 Thunderchief losses grew, the F-4 carried more and more of the ground support burden and by the end of the war was the USAFs primary all-around aircraft. To support this change in mission, specially equipped and trained F-4 Wild Weasel squadrons were formed with the first deploying in late 1972. In addition, a photo reconnaissance variant, the RF-4C, was used by four squadrons. During the Vietnam War, the USAF lost a total of 528 F-4s (of all types) to enemy action with the majority being down by anti-aircraft fire or surface-to-air missiles. In exchange, USAF F-4s downed 107.5 enemy aircraft. The five aviators (2 US Navy, 3 USAF) credited with ace status during the Vietnam War all flew the F-4. Changing Missions Following Vietnam, the F-4 remained the principal aircraft for both the US Navy and USAF. Through the 1970s, the US Navy began replacing the F-4 with the new F-14 Tomcat. By 1986, all F-4s had been retired from frontline units. The aircraft remained in service with the USMC until 1992, when the last airframe was replaced by the F/A-18 Hornet. Through the 1970s and 1980s, the USAF transitioned to the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon. During this time, the F-4 was retained in its Wild Weasel and reconnaissance role. These two latter types, the F-4G Wild Weasel V and RF-4C, deployed to the Middle East in 1990, as part of Operation Desert Shield/Storm. During operations, the F-4G played a key role in suppressing Iraqi air defenses, while the RF-4C collected valuable intelligence. One of each type was lost during the conflict, one to damage from ground fire and the other to an accident. The final USAF F-4 was retired in 1996, however several are still in use as target drones. Issues As the F-4 was initially intended as an interceptor, it was not equipped with a gun as planners believed that air-to-air combat at supersonic speeds would be fought exclusively with missiles. The fighting over Vietnam soon showed that engagements quickly became subsonic, turning battles which often precluded the use of air-to-air missiles. In 1967, USAF pilots began mounting external gunpods on their aircraft, however the lack of a leading gunsight in the cockpit made them highly inaccurate. This issue was addressed with the addition of an integrated 20 mm M61 Vulcan gun to the F-4E model in the late 1960s. Another problem that frequently arose with the aircraft was the production of black smoke when the engines were run at military power. This smoke trail made the aircraft easy to spot. Many pilots found ways to avoid producing the smoke by running one engine on afterburner and the other at reduced power. This provided an equivalent amount of thrust, without the telltale smoke trail. This issue was addressed with the Block 53 group of the F-4E which included smokeless J79-GE-17C (or -17E) engines. Other Users The second-most produced Western jet fighter in history with 5,195 units, the F-4 was extensively exported. Nations that have flown the aircraft include Israel, Great Britain, Australia, and Spain. While many have since retired the F-4, the aircraft has been modernized and is still use (as of 2008) by Japan, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Iran, and South Korea.

Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence Essays

Quang Thai Professor Allison English 101 2 September 2014 Rhetorical Analysis In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of the United States, explains to his readers why the colonies chose to abolish Great Britain’s government. His goal is to inform the readers that the government has certain responsibilities to the governed and that the British failed to adhere to its responsibilities to its colonists. His second goal is to justify their actions by explaining why it was not considered treason. By establishing his credibility and appealing to ethos, pathos and logos, Jefferson successfully wrote an informative, impactful, and inspirational document. In order for Jefferson to earn his readers’†¦show more content†¦In Jefferson’s declaration, both the organization and the use of logic are effective and adequate. He begins with the colonists’ fundamental beliefs that â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights.† He addresses that the role of the government is to secure and protect the rights of the people. As he proceeds, he states that if the government fails to â€Å"secure these rights,† then â€Å"it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and institute new Government.† Jefferson then creates a list of ways in which the British government has violated and stripped the colonists of their rights. Through the inductive proof, he explains the reason in which the colonists must become independent from Britain to gain freedom and to be treated fairly. The list of grievances strongly appeals to his audience’s emotions. Jefferson utilizes a powerful, emotional diction to implement the colonists’ sentiments toward the King’s character into his writing. He uses certain words such as tyrants, invasions, murders, abdicated, death, desolation, cruelty, barbarous, and destruction. These words make the audience establish a sympathetic feeling towards the colonists and that the King is â€Å"totally unworthy [to be] the Head of a civilized nation† and â€Å"unfit to be the ruler of a free people.† Jefferson emphatically proves the injustice and brutality of the King and Parliament.Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence.1343 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is arguably the most important historical work of the pre-modern era. Because of this document, America was recognized for its brash, albeit just demands for independence from Britain. Aside from the obvious historical significance and precedence of the document, its composition was constructed in such a way that conveyed the determination of a new nation to be one in its own. Historical context and rhetoricalRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence Rhetorical Analysis1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Declaration of Independence† Rhetorical Analysis Essay Composed by Thomas Jefferson and the representatives in the general congress on the historic date of July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was an expeditious response to the many acts legalized by the British Parliament prohibiting the colonists’ freedom, and a dismissal of a partition to the King by the First Continental Congress. Not only did it oppose British acts of tyranny, but it was also an incentive for many other universalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence1678 Words   |  7 PagesState the purpose, the audience, the tone, and the speaker of the declaration The purpose is to outline the wrongs the King of Britain and Britain have committed against the colonists, and why this has caused them to want to separate from Britain. The article is written directly for King George III, but it was also for the country of Britain and the thirteen colonies to read, as well as the world to see the separation of the colonies from Britain. The tone is clear and rational, yet it is evidentRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence Rhetorical Analysis830 Words   |  4 Pagesdrafting The Declaration of Independence. Jeffersons belief in the aspects of natural law played a huge influence on the reasoning behind The Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independences Preamble is a significant appeal to logos on the grounds of egalitarianism and natural law. His many appeals to logic set the basis for why he believes the thirteen colonies need to secede from Great Britain. Appeals to Pathos: Thomas Jefferson and the drafters of The Declaration of Independence madeRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence Rhetorical Analysis800 Words   |  4 Pages the father of our Declaration of Independence, had the same mentality as him in seeking for freedom. Jefferson decided to write this document as a way of declaring the independence of the United States from Britain. In the document, he states all the harm that Britain has done to the colonists: socially, mentally, and economically. Jefferson just like the colonist wanted peace in their lives, and freedom from the tyranny of King George III. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson usesRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence Rhetorical Analysis804 Words   |  4 Pages In the second paragraph of The Declaration of Independence is one of historys most regularly quoted passages. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.† (Jefferson) The Declaration motivated the colonist to seek independence from from the King of Great Britain. Even though the Declaration was trying to point out a positive outcomeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Slavery In The Declaration Of Independence708 Words   |  3 Pages In his letter he mentioned how freedom was a blessing from heaven, cited a part from the Declaration of Independence, and even made a reference to someone in the Bible. He used many rhetorical strategies to help argue that slavery should be outlawed, for example ethos, religious appeals, and pathos. Mr. Banneker in the second paragraph established ethos by citing a part of the Declaration of Independence. He cited the part about â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are createdRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Benjamin Franklin s The Declaration Of Independence 1116 Words   |  5 Pagesparticularly in the post 9/11 era, it is an ongoing debate as to whether we should be trading some or all of our liberty for security. In the 1770’s, our founding fathers declared their independence from the British. They gave up the protection and economic security they gained from the British Empire. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote: We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Essay: Cunt, a Declaration of Independence by Inga Muscio1026 Words   |  5 PagesInga Muscio is a very influential writer. Over the years she has earned tremendous credibility within the feminist world. In the chapter, â€Å"Rape not Cunt,† from her well known book Cunt, a Declaration of Independence, Inga passionately writes of her feelings about violence against women. She attempts to use rhetoric and captures the reader with a call of action to help prevent further violence against women. However, although Inga Muscio had many valid points about violence against women, her rhetoricRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass Context1479 Words   |  6 PagesWith his oratorical appeals, in 1852, Douglass delivered a speech that changed the views of millions over the Fourth of July. By using th e experience Douglas has encountered as a slave, the historical context to support his argument and certain rhetorical devices, Douglass remarks a speech in order for the citizens of Rochester to be aware of the hypocrisy of American Slavery. Research As a child, Douglass escaped the harshness of field labor and was transferred to Baltimore where he was taught by

Hedda Gabler Essay Free Essays

The scene we chose from Hedda Gabler comes from Act 2, line 278 to line 422. The main characters involved in this scene are Tesman, Eilert Lovborg, Hedda, and Brack. Eilert Lovborg’s objective in this scene is to make sure that people will enjoy his new novel he has written. We will write a custom essay sample on Hedda Gabler Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although many readers of this play get the misconception that Lovborg wants to compete against Tesman for a position at the university, his most important goal is to get acknowledgement of his transformation and achievement. The obstacle that stands in his way is his skepticism in the popularity of his novels. Lovborg worries that his book will not be successful and that he will be still known as the alcoholic that writes horrible books. He also believes that his book will not be as good because he was just trying to please everyone with a general history of the past. A tactic that Lovborg has in order to overcome his doubts is his assurance in his other book. He has written another book. The manuscript he has with him will be worth reading and he has much faith in this that gives him the confidence he needs to succeed. Tesman’s initial objective in this scene is to secure his position at the university. He believes that Lovborg will try to compete against him for this position. An obstacle that Tesman has in the beginning of this scene is his misunderstanding of the competition he has against Lovborg. He worries about obtaining this position. Another objective that Tesman has is to be relieved and satisfied without being worried. After he understands that his obstacle with Lovborg was a misunderstanding, Tesman realizes that his obstacle is how Hedda resents her inclusion in his excitement. Tesman’s overall tactic in both of these events is to just run away from the problems. He does this by leaving the scene with Brack to get some punch. Hedda’s objective in this scene is to make this interaction between Lovborg, Tesman, and Brack very friendly. An obstacle that arises is how Tesman is stressed out with the issues dealing with this meeting that is about to occur. He is worried about the competition he has with Lovborg. Hedda’s tactic to relieve this anxiety is her answers to his questions he has and her comforting ideas to bring tranquility to the atmosphere. Brack’s objective in this play is to get Lovborg to come to his house for the party. He wants Lovborg to come and read his manuscript at the party. An obstacle is when Lovborg says that he would do it some other time. Also, Hedda supports the rejection Lovborg has to Brack’s invitation. She states that if Lovborg doesn’t want to go, he should just have supper with her that night. Brack’s tactic was to give Lovborg compliments on his works. Also, Brack got Tesman involved in trying to lure Lovborg so he told him of all the benefits he would get to come to the party such as the â€Å"plenty of rooms,† tactic. Enoch will act as Brack and be in charge of the set design, Julie will act as Hedda and be in charge of the sound design, Jae will act as Tesman and be in charge of the costume design, and Lucy will act as Lovborg and be in charge of light design. How to cite Hedda Gabler Essay, Essays

Victorian’s Poetry Research Paper Example

Victorian’s Poetry Paper The Prelude is a long autobiographical poem, and it describes the poets love of nature and the world around him. It is an excellent example of the poet’s style, and makes it possible to distinguish Wordsworth’s stylistic approaches from the style which Browning used in his poetry: Dust as we are, the immortal spirit grows Like harmony in music; there is a dark Inscrutable workmanship that reconciles Discordant elements, makes them cling together In one society. (Wordsworth) The Prelude had a great influence on poetry in general. Wordsworth wrote it in the form of lyrical monologue, which was actually a challenge to traditional poetic monologue and produced new poetic impressions among readers (Wilson 64). In distinction from Browning, Wordsworth was trying to step away from mournful colors in poetic expression, and has actually become the creator of the prose poem. Moreover, The Prelude is actually the call against misery and unhappiness in poetry: â€Å"The calm existence is mine when I / Am worthy of myself! † (Wordsworth). The uniqueness of Browning’s and Wordsworth’s genres remains the critical element which differentiates the two poets and their creative works. In distinction from, and probably even as opposed to Wordsworth, Robert Browning has won the reputation of a dramatic poet and has been able to produce the dramatic monologues. Lyrical dialogues exercised by Wordsworth were not suitable for him to express his thoughts and ideas. Poetic dramatic monologue could be characteristic of modern criticism, but as modern criticism was stressing the dramatic part of writing, the dramatic monologue used by Browning stressed the lyrical characteristics of poetic environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Victorian’s Poetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Victorian’s Poetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Victorian’s Poetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His works evidently represented the mixture of romantic and dramatic elements (Hassett 40). It seems that Browning saw the dramatic principle in employing the fictional characters who would take the speaking role in his poems. However, as Wordsworth was emphasizing the lyrical, Browning obviously tended towards the dramatic. Both poets could describe similar events, but the use of different poetic emphases and different poetic genres (styles) made their poetry completely different from each other. The Confessional is the revelation of the church’s sins, but as we have already noted, it certainly combines the lyrical and the dramatic moments. â€Å"You think Priests just and holy men! Before they put me in this den I was a human creature too, With flesh and blood like one of you, A girl that laughed in beautys pride Like lilies in your world outside. † (Browning) The girl, about which Browning writes in his poetic expression, is a critical lyrical element of his poem; simultaneously, the poet has introduced a dramatic moment, speaking of priests as human beings with their sins, negative thoughts and earthy desires. â€Å"Dust as we are† (Wordsworth) – this message is also conveyed in Browning’s The Confessional, but the implementation of different literary genres makes these works so different, that an unfamiliar reader would never believe these two poets lived during at the same era. Conclusion Wordsworth and Browning were striving to deliver similar ideas and messages to their contemporary readers, but the difference of their poetic styles has created significant poetic distance between them. The use of different genres is the distinguishing feature in the works of Browning and Wordsworth. Wordsworth was a romantic poet, and has introduced the notion of lyrical dialogue in poetry. The idea of prose poems also belongs to him. Browning, on the contrary, was mostly relying on the elements of drama in poetry, and was keeping to the principles of dramatic monologue. However, even in the light of the described differences, the works of both poets have significantly contributed into the world poetic heritage. Works Cited Bristow, J. â€Å"Whether ‘Victorian’ Poetry: A Genre and Its Period. † Victorian Poetry 42 (2004): 114-24. Browning, R. â€Å"The Confessional. † 1845. Dramatic Lyrics. February 23, 2008.

Free Essays on Mohandas Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Who can be wise, amaz’d, temperate, and furious, loyal and neutral in a moment? ~William Shakespeare On October 2, 1869 in the town of Porbandar, in what is now the Gujarat province of India, a son was born to the local prime minister and his wife. That child was named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, later known to millions of Indians as the father of their nation. He lived an ordinary boyhood in the seaport town and attended school in nearby Rajkot. As a boy he attended temple near his home and readings were taken alternatively from the Hindu Bhagavad Gita and the Moslem Koran.(Gold) Since his city of birth was a seaport, looking out into the world, it hosted nearly 2 dozen religions. This would help greatly in developing a tolerance and acceptance for all religions.(Erikson) As is custom in the Hindu religion he was married in an arranged ceremony at age 13, his wife was a mere 10 years of age. Despite the difficulties before them, they fell in love and became a source of strength unto each other. Their marriage lasted some 60 years. In 1888 when Mohandas left for England to pursue a law degree, he left his widowed mother, his wife, and his son Harilal who was only a few months old at the time. Although leaving home was difficult, Mohandas was greatly determined to obtain his degree. Once in London he felt very uncomfortable. (Gold) This and his Indian ethnicity pushed him to the fringes of English society. The people he soon began associating with were the vanguard of social thought in England at the time and their influence on him was strong. It was at this time that he was introduced to the Christian Bible, delved deeper into vegetarianism, and got his first glimpse of what it was to be Indian through Western eyes. Through hard work and strength of mind, on June 12, 1891 passed his examinations and was called to the bar. On June 11 he was enrolled to the High Court and the next day saile... Free Essays on Mohandas Gandhi Free Essays on Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Who can be wise, amaz’d, temperate, and furious, loyal and neutral in a moment? ~William Shakespeare On October 2, 1869 in the town of Porbandar, in what is now the Gujarat province of India, a son was born to the local prime minister and his wife. That child was named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, later known to millions of Indians as the father of their nation. He lived an ordinary boyhood in the seaport town and attended school in nearby Rajkot. As a boy he attended temple near his home and readings were taken alternatively from the Hindu Bhagavad Gita and the Moslem Koran.(Gold) Since his city of birth was a seaport, looking out into the world, it hosted nearly 2 dozen religions. This would help greatly in developing a tolerance and acceptance for all religions.(Erikson) As is custom in the Hindu religion he was married in an arranged ceremony at age 13, his wife was a mere 10 years of age. Despite the difficulties before them, they fell in love and became a source of strength unto each other. Their marriage lasted some 60 years. In 1888 when Mohandas left for England to pursue a law degree, he left his widowed mother, his wife, and his son Harilal who was only a few months old at the time. Although leaving home was difficult, Mohandas was greatly determined to obtain his degree. Once in London he felt very uncomfortable. (Gold) This and his Indian ethnicity pushed him to the fringes of English society. The people he soon began associating with were the vanguard of social thought in England at the time and their influence on him was strong. It was at this time that he was introduced to the Christian Bible, delved deeper into vegetarianism, and got his first glimpse of what it was to be Indian through Western eyes. Through hard work and strength of mind, on June 12, 1891 passed his examinations and was called to the bar. On June 11 he was enrolled to the High Court and the next day saile...

King Sejong the Great of Korea, Scholar and Leader

King Sejong the Great of Korea, Scholar and Leader Sejong the Great (May 7, 1397–April 8, 1450) was king of Korea during the Choson Kingdom (1392–1910). A progressive, scholarly leader, Sejong promoted literacy and was best known for developing a new form of writing to allow Koreans to communicate more effectively. Fast Facts: Sejong the Great Known For: Korean king and scholarAlso Known As:  Yi Do, Grand Prince Chungnyeong  Born: May 7, 1397 in Hanseong,  Kingdom of JoseonParents:  King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong of JoseonDied: April 8, 1450 in Hanseong,  JoseonSpouse(s): Soheon of the Shim clan, and three Royal Noble Consorts, Consort Hye, Consort Yeong, and Consort ShinChildren: Munjong of Joseon, Sejo of Joseon, Geumseong, Jeongso, Jeongjong of Joseon, Grand Prince Anpyeong, Gwangpyeong, Imyeong, Yeongeung, Princess Jung-Ui, Grand Prince Pyeongwon, Prince Hannam, Yi Yeong, Princess Jeonghyeon, Princess JeonganNotable Quote: If the people prosper, how can the king not prosper with them? And if the people do not prosper, how may the king prosper without them? Early Life Sejong was born under the name Yi Do to King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong of Joseon on May 7, 1397. The third of the royal couples four sons, Sejong impressed all of his family with his wisdom and curiosity. According to Confucian principles, the eldest son- named Prince Yangnyeong- should have been the heir to the Joseon throne. However, his behavior at court was rude and aberrant. Some sources claim that Yangnyeong behaved this way purposefully because he believed that Sejong should be king in his place. The second brother, Prince Hyoryeong, also removed himself from the succession by becoming a Buddhist monk. When Sejong was 12 years old, his father named him Grand Prince Chungnyeong. Ten years later, King Taejong would abdicate the throne in favor of Prince Chungnyeong, who took the throne name King Sejong. Background to Sejongs Succession to the Throne Sejongs grandfather King Taejo overthrew the Goryeo Kingdom in 1392 and founded Joseon. He was assisted in the coup detat by his fifth son Yi Bang-won (later King Taejong), who expected to be rewarded with the title of crown prince. However, a court scholar who hated and feared the militaristic and hot-headed fifth son convinced King Taejo to choose his eighth son, Yi Bang-seok, as successor instead. In 1398 while King Taejo was mourning the loss of his wife, the scholar hatched a conspiracy to kill off all of the kings sons besides the crown prince in order to secure Yi Bang-seoks position (and his own). Hearing rumors of the plot, Yi Bang-won raised his army and attacked the capital, killing two of his brothers as well as the scheming scholar. The grieving King Taejo was horrified that his sons were turning on each other in what became known as the First Strife of Princes, so he named his second son, Yi Bang-gwa, as the heir apparent and then abdicated the throne in 1398. Yi Bang-gwa became King Jeongjong, the second Joseon ruler. In 1400, the Second Strife of Princes broke out when Yi Bang-won and his brother Yi Bang-gan began to fight. Yi Bang-won prevailed, exiled his brother and his family, and executed his brothers supporters. As a result, the weak King Jeongjong abdicated after ruling for just two years in favor of Yi Bang-won, Sejongs father. As king, Taejong continued his ruthless policies. He executed a number of his own supporters if they became too powerful, including all of his wife Wong-gyeongs brothers, as well as Prince Chungnyeongs (later King Sejongs) father-in-law and brothers-in-law. It seems likely that his experience with princely strife and his willingness to execute troublesome family members helped encourage his first two sons to step aside without a murmur and allow King Taejongs third and favorite son to become King Sejong. Sejongs Military Developments King Taejong had always been an effective military strategist and leader and continued to guide Joseon military planning for the first four years of Sejongs reign. Sejong was a quick study and also loved science and technology, so he introduced a number of organizational and technological improvements to his kingdoms military forces. Although gunpowder had been used for centuries in Korea, its employment in advanced weaponry expanded markedly under Sejong. He supported the development of new types of cannons and mortars, as well as rocket-like fire arrows that functioned in a similar way to modern rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs). Gihae Eastern Expedition Just one year into his reign in May 1419, King Sejong dispatched the Gihae Eastern Expedition to the seas off Koreas east coast. This military force set out to confront the Japanese pirates, or wako, who operated out of Tsushima Island while harrying shipping, stealing trade goods, and kidnapping Korean and Chinese subjects. By September of that year, the Korean troops had defeated the pirates, killing nearly 150 of them, and rescuing almost 150 Chinese kidnap victims and eight Koreans. This expedition would bear important fruit later in Sejongs reign. In 1443, the daimyo of Tsushima pledged obedience to the King of Joseon Korea in the Treaty of Gyehae in exchange for what he received as preferential trading rights with the Korean mainland. Marriage, Consorts, and Children King Sejongs queen was Soheon of the Shim clan, with whom he eventually would have a total of eight sons and two daughters. He also had three Royal Noble Consorts, Consort Hye, Consort Yeong, and Consort Shin, who bore him three, one, and six sons, respectively. In addition, Sejong had seven lesser consorts who had the misfortune of never producing sons. Nevertheless, the presence of 18 princes representing different clans on their mothers sides ensured that in the future, the succession would be contentious. As a Confucian scholar, though, King Sejong followed protocol and named his sickly eldest son Munjong as Crown Prince. Sejongs Achievements in Science, Literature, and Policy King Sejong delighted in science and technology and supported a number of inventions or refinements of previous technologies. For example, he encouraged the improvement of a moveable metal type for printing first used in Korea by 1234, at least 215 years before Johannes Gutenberg introduced his groundbreaking printing press, as well as the development of the sturdier mulberry-fiber paper. These measures made better-quality books much more widely available among educated Koreans. Books that Sejong sponsored included a history of the Goryeo Kingdom, a compilation of filial deeds (model actions for followers of Confucius to emulate), farming guides meant to help farmers improve production, and others. Other scientific devices sponsored by King Sejong included the first rain gauge, sundials, unusually accurate water clocks, and maps of the stars and celestial globes. He also took an interest in music, devising an elegant notation system for representing Korean and Chinese music, and encouraging instrument-makers to improve the designs of various musical instruments. In 1420, King Sejong established an academy of 20 top Confucian scholars to advise him called the Hall of Worthies. The scholars studied the ancient laws and rites of China and previous Korean dynasties, compiled historical texts, and lectured the king and crown prince on Confucian classics. In addition, Sejong ordered one top scholar to comb the country for intellectually talented young men who would be given a stipend to retreat for one year from their work. The young scholars were sent to a mountain temple, where they read books on a vast array of subjects that included astronomy, medicine, geography, history, the art of war, and religion. Many of the Worthies objected to this expansive menu of options, believing that a study of Confucian thought was sufficient, but Sejong preferred to have a scholar class with a wide range of knowledge. To aid the common people, Sejong established a grain surplus of approximately 5 million bushels of rice. In times of drought or flood, this grain was available to feed and support poor farming families to help prevent famine. Invention of Hangul, the Korean Script King Sejong is best remembered for the invention of hangul, the Korean alphabet. In 1443, Sejong and eight advisers developed an alphabetic system to accurately represent Korean language sounds and sentence structure. They came up with a simple system of 14 consonants and 10 vowels, which can be arranged in clusters to create all of the sounds in spoken Korean. King Sejong announced the creation of this alphabet in 1446 and encouraged all of his subjects to learn and use it: The sounds of our language differ from those of Chinese and are not easily communicated by using Chinese graphs. Many among the ignorant, therefore, though they wish to express their sentiments in writing, have been unable to communicate. Considering this situation with compassion, I have newly devised twenty-eight letters. I wish only that the people will learn them easily and use them conveniently in their daily life. Initially, King Sejong faced a backlash from the scholar elite, who felt the new system was vulgar (and who likely did not want women and peasants to be literate). However, hangul quickly spread among segments of the population that previously did not have access to enough education to learn the complicated Chinese writing system. Early texts claim that a clever person can learn Hangul in a few hours, while someone with a lower IQ can master it in 10 days. It is certainly one of the most logical and straightforward writing systems on Earth- a true gift from King Sejong to his subjects and their descendants, down to the present day. Death King Sejongs health began to decline even as his accomplishments mounted. Suffering from diabetes and other health problems, Sejong became blind around the age of 50. He passed away on May 18, 1450, at the age of 53. Legacy As King Sejong predicted, his eldest son and successor Munjong did not survive him by much. After just two years on the throne, Munjong died in May 1452, leaving his 12-year-old first son Danjong to rule. Two scholar-officials served as regents for the child. This first Joseon experiment in Confucian-style primogeniture did not last long, however. In 1453, Danjongs uncle, King Sejongs second son Sejo, had the two regents murdered and seized power. Two years later, Sejo formally forced Danjong to abdicate and claimed the throne for himself. Six court officials formed a plan to restore Danjong to power in 1456; Sejo discovered the scheme, executed the officials, and ordered his 16-year-old nephew burned to death so that he could not serve as a figurehead for future challenges to Sejos title. Despite the dynastic mess that resulted from King Sejongs death, he is remembered as the wisest and most capable ruler in Korean history. His accomplishments in science, political theory, military arts, and literature mark Sejong as one of the most innovative kings in Asia or the world. As shown by his sponsorship of Hangul and his establishment of the food reserve, King Sejong truly cared about his subjects. Today, the king is remembered as Sejong the Great, one of only two Korean kings honored with that appellation. The other is Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo, r. 391–413. Sejongs face appears on the largest denomination of South Koreas currency, the 10,000 won bill. His military legacy also lives on in the King Sejong the Great class of guided missile destroyers, first launched by the South Korean Navy in 2007. In addition, the king is the subject of the 2008 Korean television drama series Daewang Sejong, or King Sejong the Great. Actor Kim Sang-kyung portryed the king. Sources Kang, Jae-eun. The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Paramus, New Jersey: Homa Sekey Books, 2006.Kim, Chun-gil. The History of Korea. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing, 2005.King Sejong the Great and the Golden Age of Korea. Asia Society.Lee, Peter H. William De Bary. Sources of Korean Tradition: From Early Times through the Sixteenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Homeland Security Advisory System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeland Security Advisory System - Essay Example This efficient system is used to create structure and context for national discussion regarding threats that oppose the homeland and help in taking proper measures that can play an appropriate role in protecting the country. This system seeks to facilitate and inform proper decision that rate to various levels of government and to local citizens present at work and home (Loeb, 2007). This powerful system was launched on March 11th 2002, by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 3 as a way to secure the conditions after 11th September 2001. It has the initiative to provide a â€Å"comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to federal, state, and local authorities and to the American people." This was said by Tom Ridge, the assistant to the President for Homeland Security on 12th March 2002. However, the role of managing, implementing and developing the system was the duty of the U.S Attorney General (Loeb, 2007). On January 2003, a new department known as Homeland Security (DHS) started administering this system. Now, the decision to â€Å"announce the occurrence of threat conditions is performed by the Secretary of Homeland Security in consultation with the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security.† (Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5) The Homeland Security Advisory System that binds the services various levels of government and other private sectors. In this system, there are five Threat Conditions that identify the description of the threat by the color they have. Each level of threat has a subsequent color which describes the intensity of the expected attack. Each level; from highest to lowest, following is the colors: This proves that the higher the level of Thread Conditions is the greater are the chances of terrorist attacks. The terrorist attacks include both; the reason why the attack is occurring and the potential

A Comparative Analysis of Dell's and HP's products and services from Essay

A Comparative Analysis of Dell's and HP's products and services from the Perspective of the Firm and Customer - Essay Example These models have been employed in this paper for checking the status of two popular firms, HP and Dell, in terms of the quality of their products and services. HP is more focused on quality while Dell seems to emphasize on the market performance of their products. However, both firms have made important initiatives to ensure the high quality of their products and services. The effectiveness of their efforts are presented and analysed below using appropriate literature. Table of contents Executive Summary 2 Table of contents 3 1. Introduction 4 2. HP and Dell 7 2a. Analysis of HP’s products and services from the perspective of the firm and customer 7 2b. Analysis of Dell’s products and services from the perspective of the firm and customer 10 2c. Comparative analysis of HP and Dell in regard to their products and services 12 3. Conclusions 15 4. Recommendations 17 References 18 Appendix 19 1. Introduction The development of organizations in the international market is u sually promoted through specific strategies. Competition seems to be of key importance for strategy makers in most firms. Moreover, it has been proved that competing rivals can be a challenging effort, especially during periods of economic instability. On the other hand, firms that are already well established in the global market are more efficient in developing competitive advantage. The potential role of a specific framework, of Total Quality Management (TQM), in the growth of business activities is reviewed in this paper. The products and services of two, well-known, organizations, Hewlett-Packard and Dell, have been reviewed in order to check whether TQM can help modern firms to improve their market position and increase their customer base. The above firms have been chosen on the basis of the following criteria: a) their activation in the same industry, b) their presence in the global market and c) their efforts in regard to the promotion of TQM, as analytically explained in s ection 2 of this study. It should be noted that the involvement of TQM in the design of these firm’s products/ services is reviewed from two different perspectives: the perspective of the firm and the perspective of the customer. Quality is an element of organizational success. Indeed, firms with products/ services of high quality are expected to compete effectively their rivals even in adverse market conditions. Quality, as an element of organizational environment, has appeared after the end of WWII and has been related to ‘the ideas of Edwards Deming’ (Daft and Marcic 2010, p.33). In practice, quality became part of organizational activities due to the initiatives of Japanese firms that first emphasized on the need for ‘the involvement of employees in identifying quality problems across the organization’ (Daft and Marcic 2010, p.33). Different approaches have been used for the promotion of quality in organizations of different structure and culture . One of the most known systems for ensuring quality is the just-in-time system (see Figure 1, Appendix), which was first developed by Toyota. The specific system focuses on the elimination, as possible, of waste, emphasizing on the production only of those products that are necessary and of the amount and quality set by the customer (Ho 1999). It should be noted that the promotion of quality in the organizational environment had appeared quite early, many decades before the introduction of the just-in-time system in Toyota. In fact, it was about 1924 that the first statistical tool for quality control appeared

Management And The Body Shop Essay -- essays research papers fc

Management and The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In today's changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. It all sounds like a lot to cover in a short essay so I will introduce a company that has in its short, yet very successful existence transformed through all the levels and practices mentioned above. The company is called "The Body Shop", I hope you have heard of it for that would make our journey through it's development even more enjoyable. Management is described as the process of getting activities with and through other people. This philosophy has been so widely examined that there are literally millions of opinions and differing views on the subject. We will only be examining the functions of management where the basics of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling apply to The Body Shop. In 1976 an inexperienced Anita Roddick got tired of unsubstantiated Management and The Body Shop claims of the cosmetics industry that their products couldn't deliver. She decided to make a decision that would change her life forever. Anita became a manager of her own small business in Brighton England. Selling the natural secrets found throughout the world; learned from extensive travel while employed as a teacher with the U.N., she created a cottage industry of exotic personal body care products. Planning proved to be the first big obstacle to learn in the road to efficient management. Taking care of buying from around the world for her special products had plunged Anita into a frightening and difficult role that she needed help with. Anita organized her financial burdens by taking on an investor Ian McGlinn, in turn giving him a 50 percent stake in the business. Furthermore she sold the name The Body Shop to personal recruits, carefully lead and controlled by her own philosophies and ideals. Anita had become an ideal example of the classic top level manager taking on the responsibility of decision, communication, and information needed to project her company as a serious competitor, ready for today's gl... ...e locations for Canada - BC. If interested, the Body Shop Web Site can be located at: http://www.the-body-shop.com/contents.html In conclusion, The Body Shop has a very effective style of management with Anita Roddick still in control of the planning, leading, organizing, and making decisions for all the franchise stores. The general management views and culture are responsive to the needs of their employees and their customers. The Body Shop is a multinational company that is a pioneer in the foreign trade department. Bibliography Stephen P. Robbins and Robbin Stuart-Kotze Management Canadian Fourth Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1994) pg. 15-142 Keegan, Moriarty, Duncan, Paliwoda Marketing Candian Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1995) pg. 738-48 William G. Nickels, James M. McHugh, Susan M. McHugh, Paul D. Berman Understanding Canadian Business (Richard D. Irwin, INC., 1994) pg. 199- 411 Dr. Kent E. Curran [kecurran@unccvm.uncc.edu] MGMT 3140 - Management Concepts and Practices (http://unccvm.uncc.edu/~ ~kecurran/lect-02.htm; August 25, 1996.) Management And The Body Shop Essay -- essays research papers fc Management and The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In today's changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. It all sounds like a lot to cover in a short essay so I will introduce a company that has in its short, yet very successful existence transformed through all the levels and practices mentioned above. The company is called "The Body Shop", I hope you have heard of it for that would make our journey through it's development even more enjoyable. Management is described as the process of getting activities with and through other people. This philosophy has been so widely examined that there are literally millions of opinions and differing views on the subject. We will only be examining the functions of management where the basics of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling apply to The Body Shop. In 1976 an inexperienced Anita Roddick got tired of unsubstantiated Management and The Body Shop claims of the cosmetics industry that their products couldn't deliver. She decided to make a decision that would change her life forever. Anita became a manager of her own small business in Brighton England. Selling the natural secrets found throughout the world; learned from extensive travel while employed as a teacher with the U.N., she created a cottage industry of exotic personal body care products. Planning proved to be the first big obstacle to learn in the road to efficient management. Taking care of buying from around the world for her special products had plunged Anita into a frightening and difficult role that she needed help with. Anita organized her financial burdens by taking on an investor Ian McGlinn, in turn giving him a 50 percent stake in the business. Furthermore she sold the name The Body Shop to personal recruits, carefully lead and controlled by her own philosophies and ideals. Anita had become an ideal example of the classic top level manager taking on the responsibility of decision, communication, and information needed to project her company as a serious competitor, ready for today's gl... ...e locations for Canada - BC. If interested, the Body Shop Web Site can be located at: http://www.the-body-shop.com/contents.html In conclusion, The Body Shop has a very effective style of management with Anita Roddick still in control of the planning, leading, organizing, and making decisions for all the franchise stores. The general management views and culture are responsive to the needs of their employees and their customers. The Body Shop is a multinational company that is a pioneer in the foreign trade department. Bibliography Stephen P. Robbins and Robbin Stuart-Kotze Management Canadian Fourth Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1994) pg. 15-142 Keegan, Moriarty, Duncan, Paliwoda Marketing Candian Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1995) pg. 738-48 William G. Nickels, James M. McHugh, Susan M. McHugh, Paul D. Berman Understanding Canadian Business (Richard D. Irwin, INC., 1994) pg. 199- 411 Dr. Kent E. Curran [kecurran@unccvm.uncc.edu] MGMT 3140 - Management Concepts and Practices (http://unccvm.uncc.edu/~ ~kecurran/lect-02.htm; August 25, 1996.)

Cultural framework Essay

Aside from individual perceptions and resources available to the individual and the community, interventions aimed at reducing and mitigating the spread of HIV infections must take into account the existence of social support systems in the community and society where individuals are located. For one, the availability of support either from friends, family, or community community influences an individual’s decision to adopt or change his or her lifestyle to mirror the objectives of health promotion programs. At the same time, the behaviors and lifestyles of an individual’s friends, family, or community itself may be promoting values and norms that contribute to HIV risk factors. The experiences of the HIV Prevention Planning Council of the San Francisco Health Department (2004) point to the presence of three negative influences that prevent HIV- affected individuals from seeking counselling and treatment and at the same time facilitate the continued transmission of the disease to the general populace. The first among these factors is the prevalence of drug use (p. 14), which promotes both the acceptability of substance abuse as a form of recreation and risky sexual behavior. These values are particularly dominant among San Francisco’s gay communities, whose population unsurprisingly have the biggest number of HIV infections. A second factor is San Francisco’s liberal culture (p. 13), which means that society may be more permissive of and may condone risky sexual behavior that would be deemed unacceptable in other places. The growing acceptability of risky sexual behavior and the decreasing popularity of condom use becomes a motivation for individuals to engage in activities that expose them to possible HIV infection. Moreover, the liberal culture within San Francisco’s communities may be reinforcing the acceptability of drug use, especially among poorer neighborhoods. Zierler and Krieger (1997, p. 405) note that poor communities may find substance abuse appealing, or at least find it inoffensive, since it serves both as a source of livelihood and as a source of recreation and stimulation. On the other hand, the ironic existence of racist and discriminatory attitudes within liberal San Francisco (San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 8) may discourage people of color, gay, and male-to-female transgendered individuals from seeking help when they become infected by HIV due to the fear that they will be doubly stigmatized by carrying the disease. Although San Francisco’s liberal values and attitudes may have negative effects on efforts to curb the HIV epidemic, these same values also provide a positive influence in combatting HIV. For one, San Francisco’s â€Å"progressive thinking and liberal policies† (San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 13) also enables individuals infected with HIV to easily gain the support of their friends, families, and communities, which could provide enough encouragement for them to adopt healthier lifestyles. San Francisco’s openness and diversity also allow individuals to create and live their own lifestyles with minimal pressure to conform to dominant beliefs and values which could help individuals avoid popular but negative influences on lifestyle choices. Likewise, the liberal culture within many communities enables individuals to seek support from peers such as the gay community when one’s own family displays reluctance to provide support to the individual affected by HIV. Clearly, HIV intervention programs could utilize the existence of positive social support structures in a society in order to successfully combat HIV. At the same time, these programs must be able to address and mitigate the negative influence of an individual’s social support network, including the values and attitudes of friends or family members which discourage an individual from changing his or her lifestyle to reduce HIV risk and exposure. Works Cited: San Francisco Department of Public Health. (2004). 2004 San Francisco HIV prevention plan. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from http://sfhiv. org/documents/Complete2004SanFranciscoHIVPreventionPlan. pdf Zierler, S. & Krieger, (1997). Reframing women’s risk: social inequalities and HIV infection. Annual Review of Public Health 18:401–36.

Andes - The Worlds Longest Mountain Chain

The Andes are a chain of mountains that extends 4,300 miles along the west coast of South America and bisects seven countries—Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Andes are the longest chain of mountains in the world and include many of the highest peaks in the Western Hemisphere. Although the Andes is a long mountain chain, they are also narrow. Along their length, the east-to-west breadth of the Andes varies between about 120 and 430 miles wide. The climate throughout the Andes is highly variable and depends on latitude, altitude, topography, precipitation patterns, and proximity to the ocean. The Andes are divided into three regions—the northern Andes, the central Andes, and the southern Andes. Within each region, there is much variation in climate and habitats. The northern Andes of Venezuela and Colombia are warm and wet and include habitats such as tropical forests and cloud forests. The central Andes—which extend through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia—experience more seasonal variation than the northern Andes and habitats in this region fluctuate between a dry season and a wet season. The southern Andes of Chile and Argentina are divided into two distinct zones—the Dry Andes and the Wet Andes. There are about 3,700 species of animals that live in the Andes including 600 species of mammals, 1,700 species of birds, 600 species of reptiles, and 400 species of fishes, and more than 200 species of amphibians. Key Characteristics The following are the key characteristics of the Andes: longest mountain chain in the worldincludes the Atacama desert, the driest desert in the worldincludes the Andean Plateau, the second-highest plateau in the worldlocated on the Pacific Ring of Fireincludes of the highest active volcano in the world, Ojos del Salado, which lies on the border of Argentina and Chilesupports a number of rare and endangered species including short-tailed chinchillas, Andean flamingos, Andean condors, spectacled bears, Junin rails, and Titicaca water frogs Animals of the Andes Some of the animals that inhabit the Andes include: Alapca (Vicugna pacos) - The alpaca is a domesticated species of even-toed hoofed mammal that belongs to the camel family. Alpacas are native to South American. They are kept in herds in the high altitude plateaus in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and northern Chile. Alpacas are grazers that feed on hay and grasses.Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) - The Andean condor is found throughout the Andes, although it is far less common in the mountain ranges of Venezuela and Columbia. Andean Condors inhabit grasslands and alpine habitats up to 16,000 feet. It prefers open habitats where it can locate carrion as it soars above.Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) - The short-tailed chinchilla is one of just two species of chinchillas alive today, the other being the long-tailed chinchilla. Short-tailed chinchillas are an endangered species of rodent that once inhabited areas of the central and southern Andes. The species was heavily exploited for its fur and as a result their numbers declin ed drastically. Short-tailed chinchillas are currently classified as critically endangered on the IUCN RedList.Andean mountain cat (Leopardus jacobita) - The Andean mountain cat is a small cat that inhabits high montane regions of the central Andes. The Andean mountain cat is rare, with less than 2,500 individuals remaining in the wild.Titicaca water frog (Telmatobius culeus) - The Titicaca water frog is a critically endangered frog that is endemic to Lake Titicaca. Titicaca water frogs were once common but have declined due to hunting, pollution, and predation  by trout that have been introduced to the lake.Andean goose (Chloephaga melanoptera) - The Andean goose is a large sheldgoose with black and white plumage, a pink bill, and orange legs and feet. The Andean goose inhabits elevations of the Andes above 9,800 feet in Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) - The spectacled bear is South Americas only native species of bear. It inhabits foreste d areas of the Andes mountain range including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. Spectacled bears have black fur, keen eyesight, and distinctive golden-colored rings of fur framing their eyes.